On the battlefield as well, the Ottomans gradually lagged behind the Europeans in terms of military technology as the innovation that fed the Empire's forceful expansion became subdued by growing religious and intellectual conservatism.

One thing which needs to be made a note of is that the 17th century was not simply an era of stagnation and decline, but also a key period in which the Ottoman state and its structures began to adapt to new pressures and new realities both internally as well as externally.

The Empire gradually reached the end of its ability to effectively conduct an assertive, expansionist policy against its European rivals and it was to be forced to adopt an essentially defensive strategy.

Stagnation and reform (1683-1827) - During this period much territory in the Balkans was surrendered to Austria. Certain areas of the Empire, such as Egypt and Algeria, became independent and subsequently came under the influence of Britain and France.

In the 18th century, centralized authority paved way to varying degrees of provincial autonomy enjoyed by local governors and leaders. A series of wars were fought between the Russian and Ottoman empires from the 18th to the 19th century. By the mid-19th century, the Ottoman Empire was referred to as the "sick man" by the Europeans.

The long period of Ottoman stagnation could be typically characterized as an era of failed reforms. In the latter part of this period, however, there were educational and technological reforms. Further, some tentative reforms were also enacted like for instance taxes were lowered and attempts to improve the image of the Ottoman state were also experimented with.

Decline and modernization (1828-1908) - The Decline of the Ottoman Empire can be attributed to the failure of its economic structure, the size of the Empire created practical difficulties integrating its diverse regions economically. Additionally, the Empire's communication technology was also not sufficiently developed to reach all territories.

In many ways, the circumstances surrounding the Ottoman Empire's fall closely paralleled those surrounding the Decline of the Roman Empire, like the ongoing tensions between the Empire's different ethnic groups, and the various governments' inability to deal with these tensions.

The Ottoman Empire, finally, came to an end, as a regime under an imperial monarchy, on November 1, 1922. It formally ended, as a de jure state, on July 24, 1923, under the Treaty of Lausanne. Finally, it was succeeded by the Republic of Turkey which was officially proclaimed on October 29, 1923.

Thus, the Ottoman Empire's timeline was a typical one characterized initially by gaining a strong foothold to becoming powerful by annexing additional territories subsequently followed by a period of revolts, stagnation which finally ends in death of one of the longest and the most powerful Empires of history.

This site covers all areas Ottoman Empire History Facts. Besides the popular Ottoman topics like rise and fall, leaders, society, economy, Inventions, Religion, it also covers several other areas like comparison with other empires.

Armenians In The Ottoman Empire	Crimean War Ottoman Empire	British Ottoman Empire
End Of The Ottoman Empire	Decline Of Ottoman Empire Part2	Napoleon Ottoman Empire
Osman of Ottoman Empire	Ottoman and Byzantine Empires	Ottoman Empire 1300 Part 2
Rise And Fall Of Ottoman Empire	Rise of The Ottoman Empire	Rise of The Ottoman Empire Part2
Ottoman Empire in 1566	Ottoman Empire in 16th Century	Ottoman After WW I
Ottoman Empire Allies	Ottoman Empire And Palestine	Ottoman Empire Arabs
Ottoman Empire in 1500	Ottoman Empire Armenian Genocide	Ottoman Empire Based Movies
Reasons For The Collapse Of The Ottoman Empire	Ottoman Empire Economics	Ottoman Empire Countries
Slavery In Ottoman Empire	Partitioning Of The Ottoman Empire	Ottoman Empire The War Machine
Ottoman Empire In Africa Part 1	Ottoman Empire In Africa Part 2	Ottoman Empire In The Balkans Part 1
Ottoman Empire In The Balkans Part 2	Ottoman Empire WW I	Ottoman Empire Janissaries
Ottoman Empire Jews	Ottoman Empire Vs Roman Empire Comparison	Ottoman Empire Nineteenth Century Part 1
Ottoman Empire Nineteenth Century Part 2	Ottoman Empire Primary Sources for History Study	Ottoman Empire Nationalism
Ottoman Empire Social Life And Society	Ottoman Empire Suleyman	Ottoman Empire Summary Part 1
Ottoman Empire Summary Part 2	Ottoman Empire Tanzimat

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